Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Table 3

Programmed death (PD-1 and PD-L1) inhibitors in various phases of development.

Agent	Description	Target	Phase of development	Being tested in RCC	Trial identifier
BMS 936558/MDX-1106/nivolumab	Human IgG monoclonal Ab	PD-1	I, II, and III	Yes	NCT01472081; NCT01354431; NCT01668784; NCT02210117; NCT02231749
MK-3475/pembrolizumab	Human IgG4 monoclonal Ab	PD-1	I and II	Yes	NCT01704287; NCT02318771; NCT02212730; NCT02133742; NCT01295827; NCT02089685; NCT02014636
CT-011^*/pidilizumab	Human IgG1 monoclonal Ab	PD-1	II	Yes	NCT01441765
MPDL3280A	Monoclonal Ab	PD-L1	I and II	Yes	NCT01375842^**; NCT01633970
BMS-936559/MDX1105-01	Human IgG4 monoclonal Ab	PD-L1	I	Yes	NCT00729664
AMP-224	B7-DC/IgG1 fusion protein	PD-1	I	Yes	NCT01352884

Ab: antibody, DC: dendritic cell, PD: programmed death, and RCC: renal cell cancer. ^*PD-1 blockade alone or in combination with the dendritic cell (DC)/renal cell carcinoma (RCC) fusion cell vaccination. ^** Phase II comparing MPDL3280A monotherapy or in combination with bevacizumab versus sunitinib in patients with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic RCC.