BioMed Research International

Review Article

Association between Arsenic Exposure and Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of studies.


Study (reference)	Route	Case definition	Exposure indicator	Cases/population

Bartoli et al., 1998 [71]	Ingestion	Death certificate	Living in exposure area	3/488

Chen et al., 2010 [22]	Ingestion	Self-report	Arsenic in drinking water	241/11319

Coronado-González et al., 2007 [13]	Ingestion	FPG Medical records	Arsenic in urine	200/400

del Razo et al., 2011 [18]	Ingestion	FPG	Arsenic in drinking water	25/258

Enterline and Marsh, 1982 [72]	Inhalation	Death certificate	Smelter workers versus general population	12/1061

Ettinger et al., 2009 [42]	Ingestion	OGTT	Arsenic in blood	456

Huang et al., 2014 [16]	Ingestion	FPG HbA1c	Arsenic in drinking water Arsenic in urine Arsenic exposure skin signs	14/142

Islam et al., 2012 [47]	Ingestion	FPG Self-report	Arsenic in drinking water	47/1004

James et al., 2013 [40]	Ingestion	Medical records Self-report	Arsenic in drinking water	141/548

Jensen and Hansen, 1998 [73]	Inhalation	HbA1c	Exposed versus unexposed workers	64

Jovanovic et al., 2013 [17]	Ingestion	National registry of diabetes	Arsenic in drinking water	242/195190

Kim and Lee, 2011 [19]	Ingestion	FPG Self-report	Arsenic in urine Women Men	79/891 77/786

Kim et al., 2013 [57]	Ingestion	Medical records	Arsenic in drinking water	150/300

Lagerkvist and Zetterlund, 1994 [32]	Inhalation	Self-report	Smelter workers versus unexposed reference	89

Lai et al., 1994 [14]	Ingestion	Medical history OGTT Self-report	Arsenic in drinking water	86/891

Lewis et al., 1999 [51]	Ingestion	Death certificate	Arsenic in drinking water Women Men	35/961 20/1242

Lubin et al., 2000 [74]	Inhalation	Death certificate	Smelter workers versus US general population	54/5011

Mabuchi et al., 1980 [34]	Inhalation	Death certificate	Pesticide workers versus US general population Men Women	1/197 1/43

Makris et al., 2012 [21]	Ingestion	Self-report	Arsenic in drinking water	317

Meliker et al., 2007 [60]	Ingestion	Death certificate	Arsenic in drinking water Women Men	1612/38722 1249/41282

Nabi et al., 2005 [75]	Ingestion	Serum glucose	Arsenic in drinking water	24/235

Navas-Acien et al., 2008 [50]	Ingestion	FPG Self-report	Arsenic in urine	93/788

Navas-Acien et al., 2009 [48]	Ingestion	FPG Self-report	Arsenic in urine	62/1279

Rahman and Axelson, 1995 [37]	Ingestion	Death certificate	Smelter workers versus unexposed	43/369

Mahfuzar Rahman et al., 1996 [38]	Inhalation	Death certificate	Glassworkers versus unexposed Glassblowers Unspecified glassworkers	6/74 25/135

Rahman et al., 1998 [15]	Ingestion	OGTT Glucosuria Self-report	Arsenic exposure skin signs	18/1107

Rahman et al., 1999 [76]	Ingestion	Glucosuria	Arsenic in drinking water	105/1481

Rhee et al., 2013 [39]	Ingestion	FPG Serum insulin	Arsenic in urine	309/3602

Ruiz-Navarro et al., 1998 [52]	Ingestion	Medical records	Arsenic in urine	38/126

Steinmaus et al., 2009 [77]	Ingestion	FPG Self-report	Arsenic in urine	795

Tollestrup et al., 2003 [78]	Ingestion	Death certificate	Living in exposure area Men Women	3/162 1/110

Tsai et al., 1999 [56]	Ingestion	Death certificate	Arsenic in drinking water Men Women	188/11193 343/8874

Tseng et al., 2000 [44]	Ingestion	FPG OGTT	Arsenic in drinking water	41/446

Wang et al., 2003 [59]	Ingestion	Medical records	Arsenic in drinking water	5998/706314

Wang et al., 2007 [53]	Ingestion	FPG	Arsenic in hair	166/660

Wang et al., 2009 [45]	Ingestion	Medical records	Arsenic in drinking water	235

Ward and Pim, 1984 [79]	Ingestion	Medical records	Arsenic in plasma	117

Zierold et al., 2004 [46]	Ingestion	Self-report	Arsenic in drinking water	1185

FPG: fasting plasma glucose; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; the diagnosis of DM is confirmed by laboratory tests or medical records.