The Adoption of Smoking and Its Effect on the Mortality Gender Gap in Netherlands: A Historical Perspective

Figure 5

Contribution of smoking- and nonsmoking-related cause-specific mortality to the differences in life expectancy at birth between men and women, in years, Netherlands, 1931–2012. infect = infectious disease mortality; cancsm = smoking-related cancer mortality; cancns = nonsmoking-related cancer mortality; cvdsm = smoking-related cardiovascular disease mortality; cvdns = nonsmoking-related cardiovascular disease mortality; respsm = smoking-related respiratory disease mortality; respns = nonsmoking-related respiratory disease mortality; externsm = smoking-related external disease mortality; externns = nonsmoking-related external disease mortality; othersm = other smoking-related mortalities; otherns = other nonsmoking-related mortalities.