The Antidiabetic Effect of Low Doses of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats

Table 3

Effect of treating diabetic rats with Moringa seeds powder for 4 weeks on liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), -amylase, fasting blood sugar, albumin, renal functions, and serum electrolytes.

Parameters	Statistics	G1; −ve control	G2; +ve control	G3; 50 mg; Moringa	G4; 100 mg; Moringa
ALT; U/L	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 4.199	26.33 ± 1.45^a	27.50 ± 1.80^a	25.83 ± 1.70^a	26.66 ± 1.62^a
	-test		−0.44^NS	1.74^NS	0.46^NS
AST; U/L	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 9.452	27.00 ± 1.15^a	25.83 ± 1.301^a	25.66 ± 1.05^a	26.50 ± 0.95^a
	-test		0.97^NS	0.09^NS	−0.37^NS
ALP; U/L	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 29.741	114.17 ± 5.35^a	109.50 ± 4.21^a	111.83 ± 5.14^a	92.00 ± 16.57^a
	-test		0.58^NS	−0.40^NS	0.91^NS
-Amylase; U/L	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 12.986	47.16 ± 4.52^a	50.00 ± 3.58^a	48.00 ± 5.26^a	47.66 ± 3.77^a
	-test		−0.62^NS	0.35^NS	0.33^NS
Fasting blood sugar (FBS); mg/dL	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 7.375	87.66 ± 2.76^a	266.50 ± 2.17^d	174.17 ± 1.86^b	148.83 ± 2.44^c
	-test		−39.0	45.5	29.0
Albumin; g/dL	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 0.311	3.950 ± 0.13^a	1.400 ± 0.09^d	2.133 ± 0.06^c	2.76 ± 0.07^b
	-test		−13.4	10.1	14.2

Data are represented as mean ± SE. -test values; < 0.001. ANOVA analysis: within each row, means with different superscript (a, b, c, or d) are significantly different at < 0.05, whereas means superscripts with the same letters mean that there is no significant difference at < 0.05. LSD: least significant difference.