Automating Quality Metrics in the Era of Electronic Medical Records: Digital Signatures for Ventilator Bundle Compliance

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of derivation and validation cohort.

Variable	Derivation cohort	Validation cohort	value
	542	100
Age (year)	63 ± 17	62 ± 17	0.59
Male sex	311 (57)	61 (61)	0.51
White	477 (88)	90 (90)	0.73
Medical ICU	207 (38)	51 (51)	<0.01
Admission SOFA score	8 ± 3	8 ± 4	0.99
Admission APACHE score	76 ± 25	85 ± 27	<0.01
MV use on reviewed day^#	352 (65)	100 (100)	<0.01
ICU length of stay (day)	2.4 (1.5–5.3)	5.8 (2.8–10.7)	<0.01
ICU mortality	34 (6)	7 (7)	0.82
Hospital mortality	54 (10)	14 (14)	0.22

Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD if normally distributed, median (25th percentile–75th percentile) for nonnormal data; categorical variables are reported as count (%).
^#ICU day 2 for derivation cohort and mechanical ventilator day 2 for validation cohort.
value calculated by Fisher Chi-Square for categorical variables, Student’s -test for normally distributed continuous variables, and Wilcoxon rank-sum for nonparametric analysis.