Ca²⁺ Signaling in Cytoskeletal Reorganization, Cell Migration, and Cancer Metastasis

Table 1

Roles of store-operated Ca²⁺ (SOC) influx on cancer cell migration.

Gene(s)/Protein(s)	Cell type	Highlight	Target(s)	Reference
ORAI1	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)	ORAI1 controls intracellular Ca^2+ oscillations	N.A.	[105]
ORAI1 and STIM1	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	ORAI1 and STIM1 regulate cell proliferation and migration	N.A.	[106]
ORAI1 and STIM2	Melanoma cell lines	ORAI1 and STIM2 control melanoma growth and invasion in opposite manners	N.A.	[107]
ORAI1	Breast cancer cells	cAMP-PKA pathway decreases SK3 channel and SK3-ORAI1 complex activities, reducing Ca^2+ entry and cancer cell migration	cAMP, PKA	[108]
STIM1	Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435s	Targeting SK3-ORAI1 in lipid rafts may inhibit bone metastasis	SK3	[109]
STIM1	Cervical cancer cell lines (SiHa, HT-3, CaSki, and HeLa)	HDAC6 may disrupt STIM1-mediated SOC influx and block malignant cell behavior	HDAC6	[110]
ORAI1 and STIM1	Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)	STIM1 and ORAI1 affect the invasion of GBM cells	N.A.	[111]
ORAI1	Human T cell leukemia line, Jurkat cell	Monoclonal antibodies against ORAI1 reduce SOC influx, NFAT transcription, and cytokine release	N.A.	[112]
ORAI1	Human prostate cancer (PCa) cell	Bisphenol A pretreatment enhances SOC influx and ORAI1 protein in LNCaP cells; it also induces PCa cells migration	N.A.	[113]
STIM1	Cervical cancer cell	STIM1 regulates actomyosin reorganization and contractile forces to control cell migration	Actomyosin	[114]
STIM1	Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocyte cell lines	STIM1 level predicts prognosis in patients of liver cancer	N.A.	[115]
STIM1	Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells	STIM1 regulates SOC influx, cell proliferation, and tumorigenicity	N.A.	[116]
STIM1	Cervical cancer SiHa and CaSki cell lines	STIM1 regulates cervical cancer growth, migration, and angiogenesis	Focal adhesion, Pyk2	[7]
ORAI1 and STIM1	MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells	Blocking STIM1 or ORAI1 using RNA interference or small molecule inhibitors decreased tumor metastasis in animal models	Focal adhesion	[82]