Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers against Pathogens and Toxins: Identification and Biosensing Applications

Table 1

Summary table of ssDNA MREs targeting bacteria and bacteria structural components.

Target	SELEX method		Detection method	LOD	Reference
E. coli K88	Cell-SELEX	15 ± 4 nM	Fluorescence	1100 CFU/mL	[40]
E. coli	Cell-SELEX	12.4 to 25.2 nM	—	—	[42]
E. coli NSM59	Cell-SELEX	110 nM	—	—	[43]
E.  coli K88 fimbriae protein	Plate immobilized	25 ± 4 nM	—	—	[41]
E. coli 8739 outer membrane protein	Magnetic beads	—	FRET	30 CFU/mL	[44]
E. coli O111:B4; Lipopolysaccharide	Magnetic beads	—	—	—	[45]
Salmonella Typhimurium	Cell-SELEX	1.73 ± 0.54 µM	Magnetic capture-qPCR	100–1000 CFU	[46]
Salmonella Typhimurium	Cell-SELEX	6.33 ± 0.58 nM	Fluorescence	25 CFU/mL	[47]
Salmonella Typhimurium	Cell-SELEX	—	—	—	[48]
Salmonella Typhimurium outer membrane protein	Nitrocellulose membrane	—	Magnetic capture-qPCR (spike and recovery)	<10 CFU/g	[49]
Salmonellae Typhimurium/enteritidis	Cell-SELEX	Nanomolar to micromolar range	—	—	[51]
Salmonellae enteritidis/Typhimurium	Cell-SELEX	7 nM, 25 nM	—	—	[50]
Salmonella Paratyphi A	Cell-SELEX	47 ± 3 nM	Chemiluminescence	1000 CFU/mL	[52]
Salmonella O8	Cell-SELEX	32.04 nM	—	—	[53]
Vibrio alginolyticus	Cell-SELEX	27.5 ± 9.2 nM	PCR	100 CFU/mL	[56]
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Cell-SELEX	16.88 ± 1.92 nM	—	—	[55]
Listeria monocytogenes	Cell-SELEX	Midnanomolar range	—	—	[57]
Listeria monocytogenes	Cell-SELEX	35.7 ± 8.02 µM	Magnetic capture-qPCR	<60 CFU/500 µL	[58]
Listeria monocytogenes	Cell-SELEX	60.01 nM	Fluorescence	—	[60]
Listeria monocytogenes	Cell-SELEX	48.74 ± 3.11 nM	Fluorescence	75 CFU/mL	[59]
Listeria monocytogenes; Internalin A	Filter plate	—	Fiber optic	1000 CFU/mL	[62]
Shigella dysenteriae	Cell-SELEX	23.47 ± 2.48 nM	Fluorescence	50 CFU/mL	[64]
Streptococcus mutans	Cell-SELEX	33 nM	Colorimetric (flow-through)	10^5–10^8 CFU/mL	[70]
Streptococcus pyogenes	Cell-SELEX	9, 10 nM	—	—	[72]
Staphylococcus aureus	Cell-SELEX	35, 129 nM	Optical light scattering	1 CFU/mL	[75]
Staphylococcus aureus	Cell-SELEX	Nanomolar range	—	—	[74]
Proteus mirabilis	Cell-SELEX	7.7 nM, 4.1 nM	—	—	[69]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Cell-SELEX	Low nanomolar range	Fluorescence	—	[78]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Cell-SELEX	10^5–10^6 M	—	—	[80]
Francisella tularensis subspecies (subsp.) japonica bacterial antigen	Cell-SELEX	—	ALISA	1700 bacteria/mL	[86]
Bacillus anthracis spores/anthrose sugar	Magnetic beads	—		30,000 spores/mL	[84]
Bacillus anthracis spores	Magnetic beads	—	Magnetic bead-electrochemiluminescence	10.6   10^6 spores	[82]
Bacillus thuringiensis spores	Magnetic beads	—	Fluorescence	1000 CFU/mL	[83]
Campylobacter jejuni	Cell-SELEX	292.8 ± 53.1 nM	—	—	[68]
Campylobacter jejuni; (surface protein)	Magnetic beads	—	Fluorescence (magnetic bead/quantum dot)	10–250 CFU in food matrix, 2.5 CFU in buffer	[66]
Campylobacter jejuni; (killed)	CE-SELEX	—	Capillary electrophoresis	6.4 10^6 cells/mL	[67]
Peptidoglycan	Filter	0.415 ± 0.047 μM/1.261 ± 0.280 μM	—	—	[88]
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)	NECEEM; non-SELEX	Low to high nanomolar range	Electrochemical	0.01–1 ng/mL	[91]