Single 4 h dwell with HA in various concentrations (0.01–0.5%) and molecular weights (MW; 85 kDa–4 MDa)
Increased size and concentration of HA resulted in decreased peritoneal fluid absorption. Low concentrations of high MW HA might decrease transcapillary UF rate
Total drained volume in HA group was significantly higher (positive net UF in HA group versus negative net UF in control group)
Clearance of total protein and albumin tended to be lower; clearance of urea and creatinine tended to be higher. Significantly decreased percentage of IP neutrophils and levels of MCP-1 and TNF-
Net UF was significantly greater at 4, 6, and 8 h compared to controls
During 8 h exchange, creatinine clearance was significantly higher and total protein clearance significantly lower. After 8 h, 25.7% HA absorbed from peritoneal cavity and peritoneal tissue HA increased to 117%; plasma HA levels increased to 435%. Plasma HA normalized within 24 h in uremic and nonuremic animals
Prospective randomized crossover study with 6 h application of Dianeal and Dianeal containing HA (0.1 and 0.5 g/L). 2-week washout analysed after exchange
No significant differences in net UF or peritoneal volume profiles
One 6 h dwell with 13.6 g/L glucose-based solution ±0.1 and 0.5 g/L of exogenous high MW HA. 2-week application intervals
Significant increased concentration of nitrites in HA 0.5 g/L supplemented dialysate. No difference in concentrations of MCP-1, s-ICAM1, EGF, and fibronectin
2 daily injections of 4.25% glucose-containing PDF for 6 weeks. PDFs tested: CAPD3 (single-chamber bag, low pH, and high GDP), CAPD3 pH 7.4 (single-chamber bag, neutral pH, and high GDP), CAPD3 balance (double-chamber bag, neutral pH, and low GDP)
Reduced concentrations of protein and HA in dialysate. Introduced PD fluids with physiologic pH and low GDP level producing less irritation to the peritoneal membrane, better preserving its structural integrity
Filtered solutions with 4% N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) or 4% glucose (G) IP injected daily in 2–300 g rats compared with controls (C). At 2 months, transport studies using chamber affixed to parietal peritoneum determined small-solute and protein mass transfer, osmotic filtration, and hydraulic flow
Tissue analysis showed treatment effects on tissue HA (microg/g: C, 962 ± 73; G, 1,169 ± 69; NAG, 1,428 ± 69; and < 0.05) and collagen (microg/g: C, 56.9 ± 12.0; G, 107 ± 12; NAG, 97.6 ± 11.4; and < 0.05) but not sulfated glycosaminoglycan
Used 10 mL PD fluid daily, ±unfractionated heparin, or low MW heparin in PD fluid (1 mg/10 mL) IP via mini access port, untreated control rats. At 5 weeks, peritoneal transport was tested; tissues and peritoneal leukocytes were sampled
Increased peritoneal cell influx and HA production () as well as an exchange of mast cells and eosinophils for neutrophils after PD treatment observed in PD rats
Over 5 weeks, rats instilled daily using PD fluid ± BMP-7
rhBMP-7-treatment did not significantly affect any of these processes induced by PD fluid exposure, except for a tendency to reduce HA production ( = 0.054), suggesting decreased peritoneal fibrosis
After 8 weeks PD, interstitial fluid (IF) from peritoneum was isolated via centrifugation; IF and plasma were analyzed for cytokine content and colloid osmotic pressure
IF colloid osmotic pressure decreased significantly in PD group, while collagen and HA content was increased
Role of the lymphangiogenesis mediator VEGF-C analysed in human dialysate effluents, peritoneal tissues, and HPMCs
Peritoneal tissue from patients with UF failure expressed higher levels of VEGF-C, LYVE-1, and podoplanin mRNA and contained more lymphatic vessels than tissue from patients without UF failure
