The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Drug Resistance in Cancers: Implications in Advanced Prostate Cancer

Figure 1

Schematic representative of ectosome and exosome secretion. Ectosomes or microvesicles are defined as extracellular vesicles which form through budding from plasma membrane. The exosomes are formed intracellularly, as proteins destined for exosome secretion are sorted in endosomes and packaged for exosome secretion through MVB pathways. Cross talk between MVB and endosomes has been reported as lysosomal markers such as LAMPs are found to be coisolated in secreted exosomes. Cells also secrete other types of vesicles such as oncosomes, prostasomes, and viral-like particles.