Relevance of the Carotid Body Chemoreflex in the Progression of Heart Failure

Table 2

Hemodynamic, autonomic balance, and baroreflex function in CHF models.

	Hemodynamic		Autonomic balance			Baroreflex		References
	BP	HR	U-NE	HRV	Blockers	Oxford	BRS
MI-CHF	—	—	↑	↓	Symp. ↑; Parasymp. ↓	↓	↓	[13, 55, 61]
RP-CHF	↓	↑	↑	↓	Symp. ↑; Parasymp. ↓	—	↓	[33–35, 61, 62]
AB-CHF	↑	↑	↑	ND	—	ND	—	[39]
G-CHF	ND	—	ND	↓	ND	ND	ND	[41]
ACS-CHF	↓	—	↑	ND	ND	↓	ND	[39, 42]

BP: blood pressure; HR: heart rate; HRV: heart rate variability; U-NE: urinary norepinephrine; Blockers: Propranolol/Atropine test; Oxford: baroreflex test address by phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside i.v. infusion; BRS: spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity; ND: not described; ↑: increased; ↓: decreased; and —: without difference compared to control healthy condition. MI-CHF: myocardial infarct chronic heart failure; RP-CHF: rapid pacing chronic heart failure; AB-CHF: aortic banding chronic heart failure; G-CHF: genetic chronic heart failure; ACS-CHF: aortocaval shunt chronic heart failure.