Titanium-Nitride Coating of Orthopaedic Implants: A Review of the Literature

Table 3

Clinical studies on survival of TiN-coated orthopaedic implants.

Study	Type	Prosthesis	TiN-coated material	Number	Fixation	Follow-up	Survival	Reasons for revision
Buechel and Pappas (1992) [64]	Cohort	TAP	Ti6Al4V	14	Cementless	15 (5–24)	100%	None
Massoud et al. (1997) [52]	Cohort	THP	Ti nos	16	Cemented	26	56%	Aseptic loosening
Buechel et al. (2003) [63]	Cohort	TAP	Ti6Al4V	50	Cementless	60 (24–120)	93.5%	Malalignment; PE wear; component subsidence
Buechel et al. (2004) [62]	Cohort	THP	Ti6Al4V	130	Cementless	77 (27–134)	95.5%	Aseptic loosening; bearing dissociation
Buechel and Pappas (2011) [55]	Cohort	RHP	Ti6Al4V	60	Cementless	36 (8–70)	91.8%	Not specified
Mohammed et al. (2014) [58]	Cohort	TKP	CoCrMo	305	Cementless	79 (36–122)	95.1%	Prosthetic fractures; aseptic loosening; alignment
van Hove et al. (2015) [61]	RCT	TKP	CoCrMo	50	Cementless	60	96%	Aseptic loosening

All prosthetic joint articulations were TiN-coated implant material to UHMWPE. Follow-up is presented as mean (range) in months. RCT: randomized clinical trial; TAP: total ankle prosthesis; THP: total hip prosthesis; RHP: resurfacing total hip prosthesis; TKP: total knee prosthesis; Ti6Al4V: titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy; CoCrMo: cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy; Ti nos: titanium not otherwise specified.