Effect of Spirulina Intervention on Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, and Lipid Profile in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Table 3

Comparative serum content of oxidants, antioxidants, Cholesterol, TG, and HDL together with the activity of burst enzymes between COPD patients and controls at day 0 (i.e., on set of experiments).

Parameters	COPD (); (mean ± SD)	Controls (); (mean ± SD)	value	value
Malondialdehyde (MDA) (nmoL/mL)	3.78 ± 0.24	1.2 ± 0.19	45.623	0.000^*
Lipid hydroperoxide (nmoL/mL)	3.63 ± 0.19	1.25 ± 0.17	50.752	0.000^*
Catalase (kU/L)	31.53 ± 8.41	59.88 ± 7.04	−14.156	0.000^*
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (U/mL)	67.25 ± 6.43	104.33 ± 11.18	−15.746	0.000^*
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (U/mL)	28.41 ± 4.02	39.14 ± 3.34	−11.225	0.000^*
Glutathione (GSH) (nmoL/mL)	279.3 ± 23.26	414.67 ± 20.32	−24.006	0.000^*
Vitamin C (mg/dL)	0.76 ± 0.07	2.15 ± 0.16	−42.646	0.000^*
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	167.22 ± 10.33	188.05 ± 13.21	−6.805	0.000^*
Triglyceride (TG) (mg/dL)	172.10 ± 14.44	179.67 ± 18.66	−1.757	0.084
High density lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL)	42.21 ± 5.17	51.95 ± 6.36	−6.513	0.000^*

Statistically significant.