Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors of Low Bone Mineral Density in Untreated Female Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 4

Relationship between BMD at lumbar spine and total hip and demographic, clinical, and bone metabolism variables by univariate analysis.

Variable	BMD in lumbar spine		BMD in total hip
	Correlation coefficient		Correlation coefficient
Demographic variables
Age^#
BMI
Clinical variables
Disease duration^#
Serum albumin^#
Serum creatinine^#
24-hour urine protein^#
Serum TC^#
Serum triglyceride^#
Serum LDL-c
ESR^#
CRP^#
Complement 3^#
Complement 4^#
SLEDAI^#
Bone metabolism variables
Serum 25-[OH]D^#
Serum calcium
Serum phosphate
PTH^#
OC^#
CTX^#

Pearson’s correlation coefficients; Spearman’s correlation coefficients.
BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; TC = total cholesterol; LDL-c = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP = C-reactive protein; SLEDAI = Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; 25-[OH]D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH = parathyroid hormone; OC = osteocalcin; CTX = C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen.