Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Low-Income Urban Dwellers in Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Table 2

The average predicted ten-year cardiovascular disease risk ().

	BMI-based CVD risk; Mean (95% CI^1)	Lipid-based CVD risk; Mean (95% CI)
Age
30 to 39	3.40 (3.03–3.78)	3.77 (3.31–4.24)
40 to 49	8.50 (7.80–9.21)	9.01 (8.16–9.86)
50 to 59	15.83 (14.63–17.02)	15.50 (14.25–16.76)
≥60	22.29 (20.97–23.61)	21.00 (19.62–22.38)
-test (prob.)	294.38 ( < 0.0001)	201.08 ( < 0.0001)
Gender
Male	15.74 (14.75–16.72)	15.59 (14.59–16.60)
Female	8.19 (7.50–8.88)	8.21 (7.51–8.91)
-test (prob.)	12.67 ( < 0.0001)	12.21 ( < 0.0001)
Ethnicity
Malay	11.24 (10.56–11.93)	11.09 (10.41–11.78)
Indian	11.69 (10.02–13.36)	12.36 (10.62–14.10)
Chinese/others	15.51 (9.46–21.56)	13.62 (7.85–19.39)
-test (prob.)	1.57 ( > 0.1)	1.48 ( > 0.1)
Marital status
Single	8.76 (6.86–10.67)	8.29 (6.47–10.11)
Married	11.41 (10.68–12.14)	11.04 (10.32–11.76)
Divorced	12.50 (10.31–14.69)	11.90 (9.64–14.15)
Widow/widower	14.73 (11.90–17.65)	13.61 (10.82–16.41)
-test (prob.)	4.41 ( < 0.01)	3.71 ( < 0.05)
Education
None	16.43 (13.89–18.98)	15.65 (13.14–18.16)
Primary	15.29 (13.85–16.72)	14.25 (12.83–15.68)
Secondary	9.93 (9.20–10.65)	9.70 (8.98–10.42)
Tertiary	6.10 (3.88–8.31)	6.00 (3.82–8.19)
-test (prob.)	28.27 ( < 0.0001)	22.67 ( < 0.0001)
Income
MYR^2 < 1,000	13.26 (11.65–14.87)	12.52 (10.96–14.08)
MYR ≥ 1,000	11.05 (10.36–11.75)	10.68 (10.00–11.36)
-test (prob.)	2.69 ( < 0.01)	2.28 ( < 0.05)
Occupation
Paid-employee	9.37 (8.48–10.25)	9.16 (8.28–10.04)
Self-employed	13.53 (11.83–15.23)	13.44 (11.68–15.21)
Inactive	22.36 (19.86–24.85)	21.65 (19.18–24.12)
House maker	7.99 (6.97–9.02)	7.40 (6.49–8.31)
Others	17.16 (15.37–18.95)	16.07 (14.28–17.86)
-test (prob.)	47.31 ( < 0.0001)	45.53 ( < 0.0001)

Confidence Interval; ²Malaysian Ringgit (1 USD ≈ 3.1 MYR in 2012).