Review Article
Epigenetics of Meningiomas
Table 2
Epigenetic changes and their supposed role in meningiomas.
| Epigenetic alterations | Affected genes | Distribution between WHO grades | Possible effects in meningioma |
| Promoter methylation | TIMP3 | Grades 1 < 2 < 3 | Associated with tumour progression and aggressiveness parameters | HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10 | Grades 1 < 2 < 3 | Associated with tumour progression and aggressiveness parameters | RASSF1A | Grades 1 < 2 < 3 | Associated with the malignant transformation of a meningioma | TP73 | Grades 1 < 2 < 3 | Associated with the malignant transformation of a meningioma | NDRG2 | Grades 1 < 2 < 3 | Associated with malignant progression and predisposition to recurrence | MAL2 | Grade 1 | Unknown | IGF2BP1 | Grade 2 | Increases the malignant potential of tumours | PDCD1 | Grade 2 | Increases the malignant potential of tumours |
| Disturbed chromatin regulation | KDM5C | Grades 1 and 3 | Disturbed chromatin regulation | KDM6A | Grade 2 | Disturbed chromatin regulation | SMARCB1 | Grade 1 | Abnormal chromatin remodelling |
| Abnormal microRNAs expression | miR-29c-3p | Grades 1 > 2 > 3 | Associated with advanced clinical stages | miR-219-5p | Grades 1 > 2 > 3 | Associated with advanced clinical stages | miR-190a | Grades 1 < 2 < 3 | Associated with advanced clinical stages | miR-200a | Unknown | Functions as a multifunctional tumour suppressor miRNA | miR-145 | Grades 1 > 2; 3 | Has an important antimigratory and antiproliferative function |
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