Gene Profiling of Bone around Orthodontic Mini-Implants by RNA-Sequencing Analysis

Table 2

Main genes that were up- or downregulated based on the GO analysis at week 4 compared with the levels of expression in the control.

Upregulated genes			Downregulated genes
GO category	Numbers of genes	value	GO category	Numbers of genes	value
Cellular component
Extracellular matrix	27	<0.0001	Basolateral plasma membrane	12	0.0001
Extracellular region	55	<0.0001	Cell surface	27	0.0002
Extracellular space	50	<0.0001	Cell-cell junction	13	0.0001
Ribosome	38	<0.0001	Glutamate-cysteine ligase complex	2	<0.0001
			Keratin filament	8	<0.0001
Biological process
Angiogenesis	16	0.0002	Chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor	5	<0.0001
Bone mineralization	6	0.0002	Desmosome organization	2	<0.0001
Cartilage morphogenesis	3	<0.0001	Glutathione metabolic process	8	<0.0001
Heterophilic cell-cell adhesion	5	0.0003	Glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process	3	<0.0001
Intramembranous ossification	3	0.0001	Male sex differentiation	2	<0.0001
Negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification	3	<0.0001	Neutrophil aggregation	2	<0.0001
Regulation of stem cell division	2	<0.0001	Oxidation-reduction process	49	<0.0001
Stem cell fate specification	2	<0.0001	Smooth muscle cell migration	2	<0.0001
Translation	40	<0.0001	Superoxide metabolic process	5	0.0001
			Termination of signal transduction	2	<0.0001
			Ventricular system development	4	0.0001
Molecular function
Ceramide kinase activity	2	<0.0001	Catalytic activity	52	<0.0001
Extracellular matrix binding	6	<0.0001	Chemokine binding	2	<0.0001
Retinoid binding	3	<0.0001	Glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	2	<0.0001
Structural constituent of ribosome	37	<0.0001	Glycerol channel activity	2	<0.0001
			Interleukin-8 binding	2	<0.0001
			NAD binding	9	<0.0001
			Oxidoreductase activity	44	<0.0001
			Oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors	5	<0.0001
			Oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor	7	0.0001
			Structural molecule activity	18	<0.0001
			UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity	4	0.0001

The values were compared according to fold change.