Anatomical Basis for the Cardiac Interventional Electrophysiologist

Figure 8

(a) Short-axis view of CT angiography showing a large clot (red arrows) in the left atrium attaching to the interatrial septum in a patient with atrial fibrillation. (b) Long axis view of the left heart showing the left atrial appendage (bordered in red) containing fluid-fluid level of unmixed contrast (green arrow) due to incomplete contraction of the left atrial appendage in this patient with atrial fibrillation. Note close anatomic course of the left circumflex artery (white arrow) near the neck of the left atrial appendage. (c, d, e) Images demonstrating significant interindividual variation in left atrial appendage morphology ((c) chicken wing; (d) cauliflower; and (e) windsock). ICV = inferior cava vein, LA = left atrium, LAA = left atrial appendage, LV = left ventricle, and RA = right atrium.

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