Protective and Curative Effects of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra Extract against DMBA-Induced Hepatorenal Diseases in Rats

Table 3

Modulatory influence of Holothuria atra extract (HaE) on some kidney function parameters of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) treated rats.

Treatment	Groups		Creatinine; (mg/dL)	Uric acid; (mg/dL)	Urea; (mg/dL)
Pretreatment	Control		0.70 ± 0.02^a	1.50 ± 0.14^a	4.43 ± 0.43^ab
	7 days	DMBA	1.15 ± 0.06^b	2.15 ± 0.23^cd	5.78 ± 0.40^cd
		HaE	0.98 ± 0.01^b	1.67 ± 0.14^abc	4.61 ± 0.30^ab
	14 days	DMBA	2.17 ± 0.15^d	2.69 ± 0.18^e	5.54 ± 0.14^cd
		HaE	1.15 ± 0.05^b	1.30 ± 0.17^a	4.88 ± 0.22^b
Posttreatment	Control		0.73 ± 0.02^a	1.51 ± 0.15^a	4.39 ± 0.43^ab
	7 days	DMBA	1.20 ± 0.06^b	2.07 ± 0.18^bcd	5.06 ± 0.09^cd
		HaE	0.97 ± 0.01^b	1.42 ± 0.14^a	5.06 ± 0.09^cd
	14 days	DMBA	1.85 ± 0.12^c	2.45 ± 0.09^de	6.15 ± 0.05^d
		HaE	1.16 ± 0.05^b	1.59 ± 0.12^ab	4.49 ± 0.45^ab

Values are given as mean ± SEM for 6 rats in each group.
Each value not sharing a common letter superscript is significantly different ().