Effect of Supplemental Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Serum, Macular Pigmentation, and Visual Performance in Patients with Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Table 2

Changes of contrast sensitivity among different groups during the intervention^a.

	Placebo; ()	10 mg lutein; ()	20 mg lutein; ()	10 mg lutein + 10 mg zeaxanthin ()
Contrast sensitivity, log
3 cycles/degree
Baseline	1.22 ± 0.37	1.26 ± 0.36	1.24 ± 0.39	1.25 ± 0.32
24 weeks	1.22 ± 0.34	1.32 ± 0.39	1.34 ± 0.29	1.34 ± 0.34
48 weeks	1.13 ± 0.36	1.45 ± 0.37^†	1.47 ± 0.39^**†	1.40 ± 0.31^*
2 years	1.25 ± 0.32	1.47 ± 0.34^*	1.32 ± 0.25^†	1.39 ± 0.39^*
6 cycles/degree
Baseline	1.40 ± 0.39	1.41 ± 0.34	1.40 ± 0.39	1.45 ± 0.38
24 weeks	1.34 ± 0.34	1.47 ± 0.35	1.52 ± 0.37	1.51 ± 0.383
48 weeks	1.30 ± 0.31	1.57 ± 0.37	1.62 ± 0.36^***	1.52 ± 0.38
2 years	1.25 ± 0.30	1.50 ± 0.33	1.54 ± 0.36^†	1.50 ± 0.36
12 cycles/degree
Baseline	0.97 ± 0.37	1.02 ± 0.33	1.00 ± 0.34	1.06 ± 0.36
24 weeks	1.02 ± 0.36	1.06 ± 0.42	1.06 ± 0.38	1.09 ± 0.35
48 weeks	0.91 ± 0.32	1.07 ± 0.35	1.12 ± 0.38	1.16 ± 0.40
2 years	0.87 ± 0.33	1.10 ± 0.35	1.05 ± 0.36	1.09 ± 0.35
18 cycles/degree
Baseline	0.50 ± 0.35	0.57 ± 0.39	0.49 ± 0.35	0.53 ± 0.37
24 weeks	0.52 ± 0.36	0.60 ± 0.42	0.57 ± 0.38	0.63 ± 0.35
48 weeks	0.39 ± 0.28	0.62 ± 0.34	0.63 ± 0.38	0.68 ± 0.42
2 years	0.40 ± 0.34	0.59 ± 0.45	0.65 ± 0.39	0.74 ± 0.33^*†

All values are mean ± SDs. Mean values were significantly different from baseline within the same group: ,  , and . Mean values were significantly different from those of the placebo control group: .
^aRepeated-measures analyses of the above variables did not reveal any differential treatment effects, and the only significant time effect was observed at 3 cycles/degree ().