Glycated Albumin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Increase Relative to HbA_1c with Time

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study population.

Variables	All ()
Demographics
Age (years)	61.3 ± 11.6
Male, (%)	204 (71)
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.4 ± 3.6
Waist circumference (cm)	88.1 ± 9.0
Hypertension, (%)	195 (57)
Duration of diabetes (years)	1.0 (0–5.0)
Biochemistry profiles
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.93 ± 0.2
Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	81.5 ± 17.7
Albumin (g/dL)	4.6 ± 0.4
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	177.2 ± 48.5
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	152.5 ± 110.7
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	47.7 ± 14.3
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	99.7 ± 38.7
Beta-cell function indices at baseline
Basal glucose (mg/dL)	138.0 ± 50.9
Stimulated glucose (mg/dL)	231.8 ± 87.3
Basal C-peptide (ng/mL)	2.35 ± 1.2
Stimulated C-peptide (ng/mL)	6.50 ± 3.3
ΔC-peptide (ng/ml)	4.13 ± 2.6
PCGR	3.24 ± 2.1
CGI	0.08 ± 0.4
Glycemic indices
GA at baseline (%)	19.3 ± 6.6
at baseline (%)	7.7 ± 1.6
at baseline (mmol/mol)	60.8 ± 16.9
GA/ ratio at baseline	2.47 ± 0.5
GA at end point (%)	16.5 ± 4.9
at end point (%)	7.0 ± 1.2
at end point (mmol/mol)	53.2 ± 13.1
GA/ ratio at end point	2.33 ± 0.4
Mean GA (%)	16.5 ± 4.0
Mean (%)	7.0 ± 0.9
Medications at baseline
Insulin, (%)	63 (19)
Metformin, (%)	221 (65)
DPP-IV inhibitor, (%)	59 (17)
Thiazolidinediones, (%)	40 (12)
Sulfonylurea, (%)	88 (26)
Medications at 27 months
Insulin, (%)	52 (15)
Metformin, (%)	254 (75)
DPP-IV inhibitor, (%)	98 (29)
Thiazolidinediones, (%)	65 (19)
Sulfonylurea, (%)	99 (29)

Continuous variables were described as mean ± SD or median (quartiles), (%) for categorical variables.
BMI, body mass index; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GA, glycated albumin; CGI, C-peptide-genic index; PCGR, postprandial C-peptide to glucose ratio.