BioMed Research International

Research Article

Decreased Pulmonary Function in School Children in Western Japan after Exposures to Asian Desert Dusts and Its Association with Interleukin-8

Table 3

Estimated effects of ADS events on PEF in two-pollutant model after adjustment for SPM, PM_2.5, NO₂, , and SO₂.


Year	Adjustment	Change in PEF	95% CI	value

2012 and 2013	Adjusted for SPM			0.011
	Adjusted for PM_2.5			0.002
	Adjusted for SO₂			0.059
	Adjusted for			0.002
	Adjusted for NO₂			0.001

2012	Adjusted for SPM			0.001
	Adjusted for PM_2.5			0.001
	Adjusted for SO₂			0.001
	Adjusted for			0.019
	Adjusted for NO₂			0.001

2013	Adjusted for SPM			0.306
	Adjusted for PM_2.5			0.216
	Adjusted for SO₂			0.128
	Adjusted for			0.900
	Adjusted for NO₂			0.085

Calculated for an interquartile by ADS and adjusted for individual characteristics (age, gender, height, weight, and presence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies) and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure).
ADS: Asian dust storm, PEF: peak expiratory flow, SPM (μg/m³): suspended particle matter, PM_2.5 (μg/m³): particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter, NO₂ (ppb): nitrogen dioxide, (ppb): photochemical oxidants, SO₂ (ppb): sulfur dioxide, and CI: confidence interval.