Exploring the Link between the Components of Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Depression
Table 1
Characteristics of participants with or without metabolic syndrome.
Variables
Insulin resistance
Noninsulin resistance
value
Continuous variables
Age (years), mean (SD)
43.95 (20.93)
42.99 (20.46)
0.18
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)
30.82 (7.26)
24.83 (4.78)
<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD)
121.87 (18.02)
118.37 (18.27)
<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD)
67.66 (13.94)
66.1 (12.63)
0.001
Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD)
102.55 (17.01)
87.59 (12.874)
<0.001
LDL (mg/dL), mean (SD)
111.59 (35.3)
109.91 (34.73)
0.174
Serum triglycerides (mg/dL), mean (SD)
142.31 (109.47)
97.94 (96.35)
<0.001
HDL (mg/dL), mean (SD)
49.04 (13.87)
59.83 (15.69)
<0.001
C-reactive protein, mean (SD)
0.45 (0.83)
0.29 (0.79)
<0.001
Serum glucose (mg/dL), mean (SD)
111.91 (34.83)
95.26 (15.93)
<0.001
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL), mean (SD)
0.76 (0.28)
0.84 (0.31)
<0.001
Serum uric acid (mg/dL), mean (SD)
5.68 (1.45)
5.05 (1.31)
<0.001
PHQ-9, mean (SD)
5.5 (5.05)
4.81 (4.28)
0.003
Categorical variables
Male, n (%)
982 (51.4)
625 (44)
<0.001
Non-Hispanic white, n (%)
774 (40.5)
716 (50.3)
<0.001
CHD, (%)
73 (3.8)
39 (3.3)
0.195
Stroke, (%)
68 (3.6)
26 (1.8)
0.009
Alcohol, (%)
981 (51.3)
808 (56.8)
0.004
Smoke, (%)
706 (36.9)
510 (35.8)
0.15
Vigorous work activity, (%)
308 (16.1)
227 (15.9)
0.68
Score of PHQ-9 >10, (%)
160 (8.4)
98 (6.8)
0.057
BMI: body mass index; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; CHD: coronary heart disease; SD: standard deviation.
