N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms

Table 2

Names, accession number, and primer sequences used in the study.

	Accession number	Left sequence	Right sequence
Irs2	NM_001168633	AGGTGACACTATAGAATAAGGCACTGGAGCCTTAC	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGAGCAGCACTTTACTCTTTCAC
Kcnj11	NM_031358	AGGTGACACTATAGAATACTACTTCAGGCAAAACTCTG	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGAGAACTTTCCAATATTTCTTTT
Insr	NM_017071	AGGTGACACTATAGAATAAGCTGGAGGAGTCTTCAT	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGAAAGGGATCTTCGCTTT
Gck	NM_001270849	AGGTGACACTATAGAATAATCTTTTGCAACACTCAGC	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGATTGTTGGTGCCCAGA
Pk	NM_012624	AGGTGACACTATAGAATATCGGAGGTGGAAATTG	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGACTCTGGGCCGATTTT
B2m	NM_012512	AGGTGACACTATAGAATAATGCTTGCAGAGTTAAACA	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGATGCATAAAATATTTAAGGTAAGA
Hprt1	NM_012583	AGGTGACACTATAGAATATCCTCATGGACTGATTATG	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGACTGGTCATTACAGTAGCTCTT
Mapk1	NM_053842	AGGTGACACTATAGAATACATTTTTGAAGAGACTGCTC	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGAAACTCTCTGGACTGAAGAAT
Prkcz	NM_022507	AGGTGACACTATAGAATACTTTAACAGGAGAGCGTACT	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGATATTGTCATGTTTCCGAGAT
Ibk	NM_053355	AGGTGACACTATAGAATACTTGAACTTAAAGCTGGTTC	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGAACATTTTACTGTTGTCAAAGAG
KanR
Mtor	NM_019906	AGGTGACACTATAGAATATGGAACTTCGAGAGATGAG	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGATCACTTCAAACTCCACATAC
Actb	NM_031144	AGGTGACACTATAGAATAAACTACATTCAATTCCATCA	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGATAAAACGCAGCTCAGTAAC
Pik3r1	NM_013005	AGGTGACACTATAGAATACATCAGTATTGGCTTACG	GTACGACTCACTATAGGGATCATTTACTTCTTCCCTTGA

Housekeeping genes. ^#Normalization gene. Underlined sequences are left and right universal left and right sequences (tags). Internal control supplied by Beckman Coulter, Inc. (Miami, FL, USA), as part of the GeXP kit. RT conditions were 48°C for 1 min, 37°C for 5 min, 42°C for 60 min, and 95°C for 5 min and then hold at 4°C. PCR conditions were initial denaturation at 95°C for 10 min, followed by two-step cycles of 94°C for 30 sec and 55°C for 30 sec, ending in a single extension cycle of 68°C for 1 min. Actb: beta actin; B2m: beta-2 microglobulin; Hprt1: hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1; Irs2: insulin receptor substrate 2; Kcnj11: potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11; Insr: insulin receptor; Gck: glucokinase; KanR: kanamycin resistance; Mapk1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Pk: pyruvate kinase; Prkcz: protein kinase C, zeta; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase); Ibk: inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta; Pik3r1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha).