N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms
Table 3
Final body weights, food intake, and biochemical parameters.
Rat groups
Final body weight (g)
Food intake (Kcal/kg BW/day)
Chol. (mmol/L)
Trig. (mmol/L)
LDL (mmol/L)
HDL (mmol/L)
LDL/HDL
Insulin (pg/mL)
HOMA-IR
Leptin (ng/mL)
Adiponectin (mg/mL)
Normal
384 ± 22.9
215.54 ± 33.5
1.55 ± 0.43
0.62 ± 0.15
0.28 ± 0.11
1.18 ± 0.35
0.24 ± 0.04
495 ± 51.3
1.91 ± 0.23
1.17 ± 0.39
36.45 ± 0.35
HFD
395.2 ± 16.8
215.04 ± 37.45
7.47 ± 1.13
1.21 ± 0.38
4.98 ± 1.03
1.05 ± 0.13
4.77 ± 0.98
513.3 ± 38.8
2.46 ± 0.22
1.53 ± 0.24
30.89 ± 3.40
HFD + SIM
375.7 ± 53.4
215.67 ± 36.60
4.99 ± 1.11
0.63 ± 0.18
3.6 ± 1.1
1.04 ± 0.17
3.46 ± 0.94
602.1 ± 145.7
2.83 ± 0.79
0.76 ± 0.09
26.66 ± 0.18
HFD + SAL
379.3 ± 41.3
216.16 ± 37.27
5.68 ± 2.18
0.54 ± 0.07
4.48 ± 1.81
1.04 ± 0.28
4.14 ± 0.79
521.25 ± 118.65
2.12 ± 0.56
1.04 ± 0.16
34.81 ± 0.92
HFD + SAH
368.5 ± 14.6
215.53 ± 36.38
5.05 ± 2.07
0.54 ± 0.07
3.67 ± 1.58
1.08 ± 0.27
3.31 ± 1.08
512.77 ± 90.3
2.08 ± 0.42
1.02 ± 0.20
40.52 ± 5.69
Data represent mean ± SD (). Different alphabet in each column denotes significant difference () in Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Groups are the same as Table 1. HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; Chol: cholesterol; SIM: simvastatin; Trig: triacylglycerol; HFD: high fat diet; SAL: low dose sialic acid; SAH: high dose sialic acid.
