Healthy Aging and Compensation of Sentence Comprehension Auditory Deficits

Table 2

Demographic and cognitive characteristics of the sample.

Variable	Group 1; mean (SD)	Group 2; mean (SD)	Group 3; mean (SD)	value	Multiple comparisons (<0.05)
Age	54.3 (3.3)	64.3 (3.1)	74.3 (5.4)	<0.001	G1 × G2 × G3
Education	10.9 (3.5)	10.8 (3.5)	10.8 (3.8)	0.991	ns
Gender
M	5	10	7	0.530	ns
F	19	14	17
MMSE	28 (1.1)	27.5 (1.8)	27.7 (1.7)	0.511	ns
CCQ	0.2 (0.5)	0.1 (0.3)	0.4 (1.0)	0.584	ns
GDS	1.8 (1.4)	1.3 (1.2)	1.2 (1.0)	0.214	ns
SVF	17.4 (5.2)	16.6 (4.7)	17.7 (3.8)	0.691	ns
DS-DO	5.6 (1.3)	5.6 (0.9)	5.8 (0.9)	0.670	ns
DS-RO	3.5 (1.1)	3.5 (0.9)	4.0 (1.4)	0.603	ns
ASHA-FACS	6.9 (0.0)	6.9 (0.0)	6.9 (0.0)	0.252	ns

SD = standard deviation; F = female; M = male; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; CCQ = Cognitive Change Questionnaire; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; SVF = semantic verbal fluency; DS-DO = digit span in direct order; DS-RO = digit span in reverse order; ASHA-FACS = Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults.
Statistically significant difference.