Can Acute Pain Treatment Reduce Postsurgical Comorbidity after Breast Cancer Surgery? A Literature Review

Table 3

Analgesic effect on the cancer recurrence.

Surgical procedure	Analgesic modality	Outcomes	Study design	Sample size	Journals (year)	1st author	Citation
Mastectomy with or without ALND	PVB with 0.25% levobupivacaine versus morphine for postsurgical analgesia	Reduction of tumor recurrence and metastasis in PVB group	Retrospective study		Anesthesiology (2006)	Exadaktylos	[44]
Mastectomy with ALND	Ketorolac versus sufentanil versus clonidine versus ketamine for perioperative analgesia	Ketorolac associated with reduction of tumor recurrence and metastasis	Retrospective study		Anesth. Analg. (2010)	Forget	[48]

Pt mastectomy: partial mastectomy, SLNB: sentinel lymph node biopsy, and ALND: axillary lymph node dissection.