Pain Control after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Comparing Intra-Articular Local Anesthetic Injection with Femoral Nerve Block

Table 4

Summary of previous studies on IALA.

Authors, years	Drugs and doses for IA injection (total volume)	Pain intensity	Opioid consumption
Badner et al., 1996 [15]	2 groups (30 mL); Saline (); 0.5% ()	No difference in the first 24 h	↓ in the first 24 h
Mauerhan et al., 1997 [18]	4 groups (30 mL); Saline (); 5 mg morphine (); 50 mg bupivacaine (); 5 mg morphine + 50 mg bupivacaine ()	↓ in the first 4 h	No difference in the first 24 h
Ritter et al., 1999 [22]	4 groups (10 mL); Saline (); 0.25% bupivacaine (); 10 mg morphine (); 10 mg morphine + 0.25% bupivacaine ()	No difference in the first 24 h	No difference in the first 24 h
Tanaka et al., 2001 [17]	2 groups for OA knee (30 mL); 5 mg morphine + 0.25% (); ()	↓ in the first 24 h	↓ in the first 48 h
Browne et al., 2004 [14]	2 groups (20 mL); Saline (); 0.5% ()	Insignificant ↓ in the first 24 h ()	No difference in the first 24 h
Rosen et al., 2010 [16]	2 groups (100 mL); Saline (); 0.2% ropivacaine ()	No difference in the first 24 h	No difference in the first 24 h

epinephrine 1 : 200,000.