Multiple Sclerosis Increases Fracture Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Results of this meta-analysis.

	Test of association			Model	Heterogeneity
	RR (95% CI)		value			value	(%)
All studies	1.58 (1.36–1.84)	5.98	<0.00001	R	508	<0.0001	98
Adjusted	1.62 (1.17–2.24)	2.89	0.004	R	188.32	<0.0001	97
Site
Tibia	2.87 (2.35–3.52)	10.27	<0.00001	R	5.55	0.06	64
Femur	4.87 (3.39–6.99)	8.59	<0.00001	R	7.86	0.02	75
Hip	3.18 (2.84–3.56)	20.08	<0.00001	F	1.08	0.78	0
Pelvis	1.55 (1.38–1.74)	7.39	<0.00001	F	0.53	0.77	0
Vertebrae	1.44 (1.16–1.78)	3.29	0.001	F	1.87	0.60	0
Ribs	1.14 (0.79–1.64)	0.71	0.48	R	8.38	0.04	64
Radius/ulna	0.92 (0.83–1.02)	1.51	0.13	F	1.85	0.40	0
Humerus	1.56 (1.09–2.24)	2.41	0.02	R	23.79	<0.0001	87
Gender
Male	1.18 (0.77–1.81)	0.75	0.45	R	2.45	0.12	59
Female	1.80 (1.61–2.01)	10.32	<0.00001	F	0.18	0.67	0
History of drug use
Antidepressants	1.95 (1.37–2.77)	3.70	0.0002	R	4.03	0.13	50
Hypnotics/anxiolytics	1.88 (1.09–3.23)	2.28	0.02	R	8.44	0.01	76
Anticonvulsants	1.80 (1.31–2.46)	3.67	0.0002	F	0.79	0.37	0
Glucocorticoids	1.33 (1.11–1.59)	3.05	0.002	F	0.44	0.80	0

RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; R, random-effects model; F, fixed-effects model.