Chewing Gum: Cognitive Performance, Mood, Well-Being, and Associated Physiology

Table 5

Mean change between gum and control conditions in well-being and performance reported at the end of the workday.

Behind with work	−.13 (.21)	(29) = .54, = .54, Cohen’s = .11
Cognitive problems^*	−.35 (.15)	(29) = −2.31, = .03, Cohen’s = .42
Job stress	−.12 (.12)	(29) = −.94, = .35, Cohen’s = .17
Fatigue	.02 (.11)	(29) = .21, = .84, Cohen’s = .04
Anxiety	−.49 (.36)	(29) = −1.38, = .18, Cohen’s = .25
Depression	.25 (.35)	(29) = .72, = .48, Cohen’s = .13
Inattention	−.37 (.25)	(29) = −1.48, = .15, Cohen’s = .27

Indicates significant effect of gum intervention, < .05. Negative score indicates lower score in gum condition. Standard errors of the mean are in parentheses.