Does High Thoracic Epidural Analgesia with Levobupivacaine Preserve Myocardium? A Prospective Randomized Study
Table 2
The systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters.
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Cardiac index (L·min−1·m−2)
Group 1
2.13 ± 0.57
2.58 ± 0.72
2.36 ± 0.70
2.75 ± 0.66+
2.81 ± 0.62+
Group 2
2.22 ± 0.66
3.09 ± 0.64*+
2.92 ± 0.73*+
3.37 ± 0.44*+
3.25 ± 0.14*+
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
Group 1
77.3 ± 11.21
67.8 ± 6.88+
74.0 ± 9.20
78.4 ± 10.69
76.5 ± 6.30
Group 2
75.8 ± 13.53
65.9 ± 8.42+
67.3 ± 9.11*+
70.1 ± 9.66*
70.5 ± 4.95*
Central venous pressure (mmHg)
Group 1
8.88 ± 1.57
9.35 ± 2.31
9.17 ± 2.32
8.78 ± 0.96
8.97 ± 0.78
Group 2
8.47 ± 1.05
8.82 ± 2.03
8.55 ± 1.83
8.56 ± 0.93
8.60 ± 0.93
Heart rate (beats/min)
Group 1
69.8 ± 12.83
85.4 ± 12.42+
85.8 ± 14.71+
93.5 ± 18.45+
92.3 ± 14.83+
Group 2
69.9 ± 10.23
67.7 ± 9.09*
67.4 ± 9.15*
69.7 ± 9.26*
72.9 ± 4.65*
Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)
Group 1
21.7 ± 5.59
22.0 ± 5.50
21.2 ± 5.69
21.2 ± 6.28
20.4 ± 5.93
Group 2
19.7 ± 4.38
20.4 ± 3.28
20.1 ± 4.18
19.5 ± 3.87
20.1 ± 4.49
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg)
Group 1
16.2 ± 4.57
16.2 ± 4.46
16.4 ± 4.59
15.7 ± 5.66
15.7 ± 5.46
Group 2
15.5 ± 4.00
15.4 ± 4.18
15.1 ± 3.62
14.5 ± 4.51
15.4 ± 4.21
Systemic vascular resistance (dyne·sec/cm5)
Group 1
520.8 ± 126.3
419.3 ± 101.7
460.1 ± 111.5
354.2 ± 85.9
414.3 ± 100.5
Group 2
486.5 ± 117.9
212.5 ± 51.5*
256.8 ± 62.2*
230.2 ± 55.8*
247.9 ± 60.1*
Pulmonary vascular resistance (dyne·sec/cm5)
Group 1
82.4 ± 20.0
59.6 ± 14.4
56.0 ± 13.5
54.5 ± 13.2
74.4 ± 18.0
Group 2
61.7 ± 14.9
31.3 ± 7.6*
37.1 ± 9.0*
33.1 ± 8.0*
25.2 ± 6.1*
Group I: general anesthesia; Group II: combined general anesthesia and HTEA with levobupivacaine; t1: preoperatively; t2: after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass; t3: arrival in the intensive care unit; t4: 6 hours after arrival in the intensive care unit; t5: 24 hours after arrival in the intensive care unit; : significant difference between Group I and Group II; : significant difference between the values when compared with t1 value within the groups.
