Second-Hand Smoking among Intermediate and Secondary School Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Table 2

Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between sociodemographic and smoking-related variables with overall SHS exposure.

Factor	Overall SHS exposure		OR	95% CI
	Exposed	Not exposed
Age (in years)
<13	91	378	1.00	Reference
13–16	415	1242	1.43	1.24–1.61
>16	295	789	1.61	1.14–2.25
Sex
Female	377	1186	1.00	Reference
Male	424	1223	1.14	0.92–1.28
School grade
Intermediate	398	1345	1.00	Reference
Secondary	403	1064	1.33	1.09–1.50
Father’s education
No formal education	49	108	1.00	Reference
Less than university	377	1020	0.76	0.67–0.98
University or higher	375	1281	0.65	0.50–0.87
Mother’s education
No formal education	67	162	1.00	Reference
Less than university	389	1206	0.82	0.66–1.17
University or higher	345	1041	0.85	0.71–1.20
Family structure
One or both parents	759	2360	1.00	Reference
Neither	42	49	2.66	1.75–4.05
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	365	1811	1.00	Reference
Smoker or former smoker	436	598	3.66	3.06–4.27
Parents smoking
Nonsmokers	408	2017	1.00	Reference
One or both are smokers	393	392	4.95	4.15–5.90
Close friends smoking
No	265	1552	1.00	Reference
Some of them smoke	536	857	3.71	3.09–4.33
Knowledge about harmful effects of smoking
No	593	1731	1.00	Reference
Yes	208	678	0.89	0.75–1.07
Belief in harmful effects of SHS
No	311	791	1.00	Reference
Yes	490	1618	0.71	0.65–0.90

Each variable is adjusted by the other variables in the table.