Inhibition of Osteoclast Activation by Phloretin through Disturbing αvβ3 Integrin-c-Src Pathway

Figure 3

Suppressive effects of phloretin on RANKL-induced vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) expression and actin ring formation. Raw 264.7 macrophages were cultured in α-MEM for 5 days in the absence and presence of 1–20 μM phloretin. RANKL-differentiated cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min. Immunocytochemical analysis was conducted with the primary V-ATPase antibody and anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with FITC. Subsequently, cells were incubated with phalloidin and counterstained with DAPI. Fluorescent images were taken with a fluorescence microscope. Original magnification of microscopic images (), 400-fold.