Zeaxanthin Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced VEGF Secretion by RPE Cells through Decreased Protein Levels of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors-1α

Figure 3

Effect of zeaxanthin on secretion of VEGF by RPE cells under normoxia. RPE cells were seeded into 24-well plates at a density of cells per well. After 24 h, zeaxanthin at 50, 100, and 150μM was added. Conditioned medium was collected 24 h later; VEGF levels were measured by VEGF ELISA kits and expressed as percentages of the control (, ). Zeaxanthin did not significantly affect the secretion of VEGF in cells cultured under normoxia ().