The Effect of Phospholipids (Surfactant) on Adhesion and Biomechanical Properties of Tendon: A Rat Achilles Tendon Repair Model

Table 1

(a) Criteria described by Tang et al. for microscopic evaluation of adhesions. (b) Criteria described by Tang et al. for macroscopic evaluation of adhesions.

(a)

Points	Features of adhesion
Quantity
0	No apparent adhesions
1	A number of scattered filaments
2	A large number of filaments
3	Countless filaments
Quality
0	No apparent adhesions
1	Regular, elongated, fine, and filamentous
2	Irregular, mixed, shortened, and filamentous
3	Dense, not filamentous
Grading of adhesions
0	None
1-2	Slight
3-4	Moderate
5-6	Severe

(b)

	Points	Adhesion appearance
Length	0	No adhesion
	1	Localized, <10 mm longitudinal
	2	10–15 mm
	3	Intense, >15 mm
Characteristics	0	No adhesion
	1	Loose, elastic, and mobile
	2	Of average thickness and mobile
	3	Thick, hard, and immobile
Grading	0	No adhesion
	2	Mild adhesion
	3-4	Moderate adhesion
	5-6	Advanced stage adhesion