BioMed Research International

Review Article

Exercise and BMI in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Initial physical characteristics of participants.


Variable	Exercise					Control
Variable	Groups/participants	Missing data (%)	± SD	Mdn	Range	Groups/participants	Missing data (%)	± SD	Mdn	Range

Age (years)	21/489	4.5	12.4 ± 2.5	13	8–17	18/301	10.0	12.0 ± 2.6	12	8–17
Height (cm)	19/443	13.6	155.7 ± 12.5	163	130–174	17/263	15.0	154.7 ± 13.4	154	127–175
Body weight (kg)	20/370	9.1	74.5 ± 18.7	75	35–104	18/312	10.0	73.3 ± 18.5	74	34–99
BMI (kg⋅m⁻²)	22/433	0.0	29.7 ± 4.0	30	21–36	20/376	0	29.6 ± 3.9	30	21–36
Fat mass (kg)	14/228	36.4	33.4 ± 9.5	32	22–50	12/181	40.0	31.8 ± 7.1	31	22–47
Body fat (%)	17/321	22.7	39.0 ± 6.2	36	31–50	15/265	25.0	38.5 ± 5.0	38	31–48
Fat-free mass (kg)	15/261	31.8	45.2 ± 7.9	47	28–54	13/208	35.0	44.9 ± 9.4	46	26–62
VO_2max (mL⋅kg⁻¹⋅min⁻¹)	12/229	40.0	30.2 ± 6.1	31	20–39	10/175	50.0	30.0 ± 6.8	29	20–40
Muscular strength (kg)
Upper	3	66.7	86.8 ± 84.1	39	37–18	2	75.0	124.4 ± 36.6	124	37–212
Lower	3	66.7	84.3 ± 35.7	100	43–110	2	75.0	80.0 ± 34.2	80	56–104
Energy intake (kcals)	6/108	72.7	2465 ± 577	2319	1813–3278	4/44	81.8	2511 ± 771	2586	1614–3259

Notes. Groups/participants: number of groups and participants in which data were available; ± SD: mean ± standard deviation; Mdn: median; BMI: body mass index; VO_2max: maximum oxygen consumption; kcals: kilocalories; data limited to those groups in which aerobic exercise was an intervention; data limited to those groups in which strength training was an intervention; percentage of missing data calculated based on the premise that (1) all studies should have assessed and reported data for age, height, body weight, BMI, fat mass, percent body fat, fat-free mass, and energy intake, (2) all studies that included an aerobic exercise component should have assessed and reported data on VO_2max in mL⋅kg⁻¹⋅min⁻¹, and (3) all studies that included a strength training component should have assessed and reported data on upper and lower body strength.