Kinematics of Rotation in Joints of the Lower Limbs and Pelvis during Gait: Early Results—SB ACLR Approach versus DB ACLR Approach

Table 7

Intragroup evaluation and intergroup comparison of examined variables in the pelvis.

Pelvis
Internal (+) and external (−) rotation during gait cycle (degrees)
Gait phases	Studied group	Involved/right leg		Uninvolved/left leg
			SD		SD
KHS	SB ACLR	3.38	2.44	4.69	2.95	0.333
	DB ACLR	5.42	5.48	4.40	3.55	0.628
	Control	5.11	3.82	6.11	3.57	0.544
		0.479		0.381
K1	SB ACLR	2.57	1.81	3.55	2.31	0.366
	DB ACLR	4.42	4.38	3.35	4.15	0.551
	Control	3.52	3.07	4.93	3.20	0.310
		0.430		0.413
K2	SB ACLR	−0.52	2.44	−1.39	3.09	0.553
	DB ACLR	−0.58	2.93	−3.37	5.43	0.167
	Control	−2.27	3.66	−1.48	2.76	0.549
		0.268		0.372
KTO	SB ACLR	−3.19	2.54	−3.46	3.16	0.594
	DB ACLR	−3.25	3.86	−5.40	4.85	0.321
	Control	−5.57	3.27	−5.20	2.76	0.764
		0.119		0.410
K3	SB ACLR	−2.96	2.65	−3.97	2.85	0.546
	DB ACLR	−2.72	4.31	−5.07	3.26	0.247
	Control	−4.79	2.89	−4.59	2.35	0.864
		0.225		0.654
K4	SB ACLR	3.98	3.65	3.04	3.18	0.564
	DB ACLR	5.99	5.65	3.18	3.68	0.213
	Control	5.22	3.48	5.81	4.34	0.254
		0.555		0.240

ACLR: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; SB ACLR: group after single-bundle ACLR; DB ACLR: group after double-bundle ACLR; control: control group; : arithmetic mean; SD: standard deviation; KHS: the first contact between the foot and the ground; K1: maximal knee flexion at the beginning of stance phase; K2: the biggest extension of the knee during a single stance; KTO: detaching the toes at the end of stance phase; K3: maximal knee flexion during swing phase; K4: maximal extension of the knee joint in the preparatory phase before stance phase; : significance level (one-way Anova); : significance level (parametric -test for dependent samples).
Presented values obtained in the SB and DB ACLR groups refer to involved leg while values obtained in the control group refer to the right leg.