BioMed Research International

Research Article

Estimating the Impact of Workplace Bullying: Humanistic and Economic Burden among Workers with Chronic Medical Conditions

Table 1

Characteristics of study sample across different chronic diseases. values represent significant levels of for categorical variables, one-way ANOVA for continuous variables.
 Total
( = 1717)		AA
( = 295)		IBD
( = 449)		MDD
( = 700)		PSO
( = 273)
  (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Women ( = 1586)978 (61.7)172 (72.9)243 (57.5)436 (65.2)127 (49.2) <0.0001
Family ( = 1592)969 (60.9)170 (72.0)240 (56.7)376 (55.7)183 (71.0)<0.0001
University education ( = 1589)315 (19.8)45 (19.1)78 (18.4)116 (17.3)76 (29.5)0.0004
Employment ( = 1603)     <0.0001
 Employed897 (56.0)129 (54.7)268 (63.4)334 (48.7)166 (64.3) 
 Inactive293 (18.3)20 (8.5)62 (14.7)177 (25.8)34 (13.2) 
 Retired183 (11.4)67 (28.4)43 (10.2)60 (8.75)13 (5.04) 
 Unemployed230 (14.3)20 (8.47)50 (11.8)115 (16.8)45 (17.4) 
Contract ( = 1591)     <0.0001
 Temporary128 (8.05)12 (5.17)35 (8.29)62 (9.13)19 (7.36) 
 Permanent606 (38.1)90 (38.8)178 (42.2)219 (32.3)119 (46.1) 
 Self-employed/employer151 (9.49)23 (9.91)54 (12.8)46 (6.77)28 (10.8) 
Job demand (WAI) ( = 882)     <0.0001
 Physical demand80 (9.07)4 (3.17)17 (6.37)47 (14.6)12 (7.23) 
 Mental demand416 (47.2)56 (44.4)121 (45.3)139 (43.0)100 (60.2) 
 Mixed demand386 (43.8)66 (52.4)129 (48.3)137 (42.4)54 (32.5) 
 Mean (sd)Mean (sd)Mean (sd)Mean (sd)Mean (sd)p
Age ( = 1603)46.8 (13.1)48.8 (10.4)42.0 (12.2)46.1 (10.9)44.1 (8.79)<0.0001
Workforce ( = 1717)1603 (93.4)236 (80.0)423 (94.2)686 (98.0)258 (94.5)<0.0001
Time since diagnosis (years) ( = 1593)10.4 (10.2)13.3 (10.1)12.4 (9.45)5.89 (7.38)12.5 (11.5)<0.0001
Hospitalization (days) ( = 1593)2.37 (8.38)1.90 (7.00)3.50 (10.9)2.55 (8.51)0.72 (2.79)0.0004
Number of valued cases for each variable.