Endogenous Ouabain: An Old Cardiotonic Steroid as a New Biomarker of Heart Failure and a Predictor of Mortality after Cardiac Surgery

Figure 1

Correlation between baseline (preoperative) EO level and cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients with higher Endogenous Ouabain baseline levels are those with lower LVEF (Pearson Correlation with logarithmic EO ; (0.048 after correction for sex, age, BMI, preoperative GFR, and clinical presentation expressed as EuroSCORE)).