Endogenous Ouabain: An Old Cardiotonic Steroid as a New Biomarker of Heart Failure and a Predictor of Mortality after Cardiac Surgery

Table 2

EO levels according to different surgical intervention.

Time		Number of patients	Mean (pmol/L)	SE	ANOVA; value^#	Multiple comparison; value^#
Preoperative	VR	401	183.74	5.57	0.01
	CABG	136	206.17	8.52		0.005 versus VR
	Complex	280	201.01	7.002		0.07 versus VR
Postoperative	VR		270.84	7.91	0.009
	CABG		278.93	9.64
	Complex		313.34	10.91		0.003 versus VR
ΔEO	VR		79.54	7.62	0.033
	CABG		56.08	11.10
	Complex		96.98	9.94		0.01 versus CABG

VR: valve repair; CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; complex: combined surgery + Aortic Arch surgery.
value for ANOVA (with EO transformed as logarithmic).
ΔEO: postoperative − preoperative.