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Settings | Adverse effect | Comment |
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Perioperative | Hyperchloremia and dilutional acidosis | Can be reduced using anion-balanced crystalloid solutions |
Reduced rate of wound healing | Can be related to the peripheral tissue edema |
Increased risk of anastomosis leakage | Intestinal edema and decreased splanchnic perfusion |
Increased IAP | Intestinal and abdominal wall edema |
Increased risk of respiratory complications | Pulmonary and chest wall edema. Stressfully increased work of breathing |
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ICU | GIPS and glycocalyx injury | The decrease of subglycocalyx oncotic pressure facilitates the capillary leakage |
Increased IAP/ACS and polycompartment syndrome | Can be associated with polycompartment syndrome resulting in AKI, liver dysfunction, FRC reduction, and ileus |
Deranged oxygenation, pulmonary and chest wall edema, incidence, or increased ARDS severity | EVLWI increase. The fluid load is an independent risk factor of ARDS |
Enteropathy | Gut edema, bacterial translocation, malabsorption, and liver congestion |
Brain edema and increased ICP | Albumin is risky |
Kidney injury | Edema of kidney parenchyma with increase of and decreased GFR |
Myocardial injury | Dilatation, ANP release, and myocardium edema associated with diastolic dysfunction (relaxation) and blockade |
Increased mortality | ā |
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