Advanced Glycation End Products Enhance Macrophages Polarization into M1 Phenotype through Activating RAGE/NF-κB Pathway

Figure 4

Effect of AGEs on expressions of surface markers. Cells were cultured with AGEs or BSA 500 μg/mL for 24 h. The markers were measured by FCM. AGEs increased CD11c (a) and CD86 (b) expression but did not affect CD206 expression (c). Double staining with CD11c and F4/80 indicated that AGEs increased F4/80⁺ CD11c⁺ double positive macrophages (d). , and compared with control. MFI: mean fluorescence intensity. Each bar represents the mean value ± SD of triplicate determinations, representative of three independent experiments.

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