Fixation of Light Weight Polypropylene Mesh with n-Butyl-2-cyanocrylate in Pelvic Floor Surgery: Experimental Design Approach in Sheep for Effectiveness Evaluation

Table 4

Histological results of the pilot studies and the final study (bold).

	Experimental group	Fibrosis	Mesh integration	Inflammatory reaction	Inflammatory cell type	Vaginal mucosal inflammation	Vaginal epithelium ulceration	Epithelial cicatrisation
	PP-1-Hist anterior	2 ± 0.38	1.3 ± 0.14	2.4 ± 0.06	2.5 ± 0.19	0.8 ± 0.23	0.6 ± 0.18	0
	PP-1-Hist posterior	1.3 ± 0.10	1.4 ± 0.04	2.1 ± 0.23	2.2 ± 0.24	1.2 ± 0.18	0.9 ± 0.17	1 ± 0.38
	PP-1-PP anterior	1.6	1	1.8	2.6	1.8	1	0
	PP-1-PP posterior	0.4	0	1.4	2.2	3	2	0
	Omy-TF-PP posterior	2.8 ± 0.14	3 ± 0	1 ± 0	1.3 ± 0.07	0	0	—
	PP-2-PP anterior	2	2	0.8	1.2	0	0	—
	PP-2-PP posterior	0.8	0	1.8	2.2	1.2	0.8	0
	PP-1-Hist-3m	2.5 ± 0.09^a	3 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^c	1 ± 0.04	0	0^c	—
	PP-1-Hist-6m	2.5 ± 0.14	3 ± 0^b	0.1 ± 0.03	1 ± 0.02	0	0	—

Inflammatory reaction (0 = none; 1 = slight; 2 = moderate; 3 = intense).
Inflammatory cell type (0 = without inflammatory cells; 1 = macrophagic; 2 = lymphocitic; 3 = neutrophilic).
Fibrosis (none = 0; slight = 1; moderate = 2; intense = 3).
Mesh integration (encapsulation, without integration = 0; poor integration = 1; deficient integration = 2; good integration = 3).
Vaginal epithelium inflammation (none = 0; macrophagic inflammation = 1; lymphocytic inflammation = 2; neutrophilic inflammation = 3).
Vaginal epithelium ulceration (none = 0; slight = 1; moderate = 2; intense = 3).
Vaginal epithelium cicatrisation (absence of epithelization = 0; slight epithelization = 1; moderate epithelization = 2; good regeneration and epithelization = 3).
Cicatrisation is only assessed when “vaginal ulceration” reaches at least a score of ≥1. . Data for each animal is the mean value obtained from the evaluation of 5 hematoxylin-eosin slides.
versus PP-1-Hist posterior; versus PP-1-Hist posterior, versus PP-1-Hist-6m.