The Effect of Walterinnesia aegyptia Venom Proteins on TCA Cycle Activity and Mitochondrial NAD⁺-Redox State in Cultured Human Fibroblasts

Table 3

The effect of incubation of confluent fibroblast cultures with 10 μg of Walterinnesia aegyptia venom proteins on mitochondrial NAD-redox state.

Control/venom protein; samples ()	Levels of nicotinamide coenzymes (pmole/mg protein)				Redox state
	NAD^+	NADH	NADP^+	NADPH	NAD^+/NADH	NADP^+/NADPH
Control
Crude venom
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7

The values shown here are mean ± SD determined for mitochondrial sonicates of duplicate flasks of ten cultures. NAD⁺ = oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NADH = reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NADP⁺ = oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. NADPH = reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
^*Significant at obtained upon comparison of the levels of all studied parameters in mitochondria of cells incubated with fractions F3–F7 against the respective levels recorded for controls.
obtained upon comparison of the levels of all studied parameters in mitochondria of cells incubated with fractions F3 and F6 against the respective levels recorded for cells incubated with F4, F5, and F7.