Heteronemin, a Spongean Sesterterpene, Induces Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells

Figure 1

Effects of heteronemin on cell viability in human cancer cell lines. A549, ACHN, and A498 were treated with DMSO or heteronemin at various concentrations for 24 h for MTT assay (a) and for 48 h for SRB assay in A498 cells (b). Fluorescence microscopy of untreated or heteronemin-treated A498 cells for 24 h followed by TUNEL staining (at 20x magnification) (c). Data are expressed as the mean percentage of control ± S.D. of three independent experiments. , , and compared with the control group. DMSO was used as the vehicle control (CTL).

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