Clinicopathological and Immunological Changes in Indian Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Cases in relation to Treatment: A Retrospective Study
Table 2
Clinicopathological changes in PKDL lesions in relation to treatment and immune response.
Parameters
Before treatment
After treatment
Clinical changes
Nodulo-papular
Absent or low papular lesion
Erythematous over whole face
Over chin only
Macular over all body
Present but slightly fainter
Microscopic findings
Leishmania parasite Positivity with density
Positive in 91% of papulonodular cases and 40% of macular cases. Mostly extracellular, only few intracellular. (0–20/OIF)
Negative in all except one.
Cytological changes
Mononuclear cells (+++)
Number decreased (++)
25–300/OIF, mostly clustered
20–200/OIF, Scattered.
Histiocytes predominant (15–250/OIF)
Many Histiocytes (10–140/OIF)
Lymphocytes: 10–40/OIF
Lymphocytes: 10–60/OIF
Plasma cells, epitheloid cells occasional
Plasma cells scarce
Many activated macrophages with vacuolated appearance
Some activated macrophages with vacuolation present
