Diverse of Erythropoiesis Responding to Hypoxia and Low Environmental Temperature in Vertebrates

Table 1

Diversity of erythropoiesis in nonmammal.

Species	EPO	Erythropoietic organ		Life span
	Producing organ	Site	Cell identification	Days	Cell labeling
Fish
Pufferfish; (Takifugu rubripes)	Heart [8]
Zebrafish; (Danio rerio)	Heart [9, 10]	Kidney	gata1 reporter transgenesis [26, 27],; progenitor assay [29]
Brown trout; (Salmo trutta)		Spleen,; kidney	Cell morphology [19]
European perch; (Perca fluviatilis)		Spleen	Cell morphology [19]
Common Roach; (Rutilus rutilus)		Kidney	Cell morphology [19]
Common carp; (Cyprinus carpio L)		Kidney	Cell morphology [25]
Ginbuna crucian carp; (Carassius auratus langsdorfii)		Kidney (stem cell)	Kidney marrow cell transplantation [81]	270	PKH 26-GL [40]
Amphibian
African clawed frog; (Xenopus laevis)	Lung, liver [12]	Liver	Progenitor assay [30],; immunohistochemistry [14]	220	Biotin in vivo [39]
Bullfrog; (Lithobates catesbeianus)		Kidney,; bone marrow	Immunohistochemistry [31]
Leopard frog; (Lithobates pipiens)				200	DFP32 [82]
Great crested newts; (Triturus cristatus)		Spleen,; heart	Cell morphology [20],; PHZ-induced anemia [23]
Ezo salamander; (Hynobius retardatus)		Spleen	In situ hybridization [83]
Reptiles
Painted turtle; (Chrysemys picta)		Bone marrow,; kidney, spleen	Fe^59 incorporation [32]
European pond turtle; (Emys orbicularis)		Bone marrow	Cell morphology [21]
Spanish lizard; (Lacerta hispanica)		Bone marrow	Cell morphology [22]
Boa constrictor; (Boa constrictor)		Bone marrow	Cell morphology [24]
Corn snake; (Elaphe guttata)		Bone marrow	Cell morphology [24]
Brown house snake; (Lamprophis fulaginosus)		Bone marrow	Cell morphology [24]
Bothrops jararaca; (Bothrops jararaca)		Bone marrow,; spleen	Cell morphology [24]
Avian
Chicken; (Gallus gallus)		Bone marrow	Progenitor assay [33]	35	Na2Cr^51O4 [38]
White Carneaux pigeons; (Columba livia)				35–45	Na2Cr^51O4 [38]
White Pekin duck; (Anas platyrhynchos)				42	Na2Cr^51O4 [38]