Diverse of Erythropoiesis Responding to Hypoxia and Low Environmental Temperature in Vertebrates

Table 2

Hematopoietic responses to low environmental temperature and seasons in vertebrates.

Stress	Species	Experimental condition	Peripheral blood cell counts		Hematopoietic observation	Reference
			Increase	Decrease
Seasonal; change	Nine-banded armadillo; (Dasypus novemcinctus)	Winter			Decrease hematopoietic cells in armor dermal bone marrow	[70]
	Edible frog; (Rana esculenta)	Winter		RBC, HGB		[84]
	Wisent European bison; (Bison bonasus)	Summer	RBC size			[85]
	Grass snake; (Natrix natrix)	Winter		RBC, HGB, HCT		[86]
	Bottlenose dolphin; (Tursiops truncatus)	Winter		RBC, HGB, HCT		[87]
Low temperature	Leopard frog; (Rana pipiens)	5°C		HCT	RBC lifespan extends	[88]
	Painted turtle; (Chrysemys picta)	2°C		HCT		[89]
	Cunningham’s skink; (Egernia cunninghami)	8°C		HCT, HGB		[90]
	Sidewinder; (Crotalus cerastes)	20°C	RBC, HGB, HCT			[91]
	Fossil catfish; (Heteropneustes fossilis)	18°C		RBC, HGB, HCT, WBC		[92]
	American bullfrog; (Rana catesbeiana)	5°C		RBC, WBC, TBC		[93]
	Rat; (Rattus norvegicus)	5°C	RBC, HGB, HCT			[72]
	Chicken; (Gallus domesticus)	10°C	HGB, HCT			[73]
	Zebrafish; (Danio rerio)	17°C			Downregulate erythropoietic genes expression level	[94]
	African clawed frog; (Xenopus laevis)	5°C		RBC, WBC, TBC	Enhanced hepatic erythrocyte destruction; Newly produced erythrocytes are confined to the liver	[39]
	Mouse; (Mus musculus)	5°C	HCT, HGB		Upregulate erythropoiesis	[74]
Other	European hamster; (Cricetus cricetus)	Hibernation		WBC, TBC		[95]
	Syrian hamster; (Mesocricetus auratus)	Hibernation		TBC		[72]
	Rat; (Rattus norvegicus)	Transposing the tail into the abdomen			Maintain the hematopoiesis in bone marrow of tail vein	[71]

RBC, erythrocyte; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; WBC, leukocyte; TBC, thrombocyte.