|
| Author | Patient
(age/sex) | Procedure | Cardiac rhythm | Change in position | Management |
|
| Lateral, park bench | | | | | |
| Takei et al. [53] | 61 y ♂ | Microvascular decompression | VT, VF | Yes | CPR lateral |
| Jaiswal et al. [21] | 32 y ♂ | Retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy | Bradycardia, asystole, VF, AF | No | Atropine, CPR, epinephrine, amiodarone |
| Usami et al. [22] | 3 patients [36–52 y; ♀ = 2, ♂ = 1] | Temporal craniotomy
( = 1);
retrosigmoid craniotomy ( = 2) | Asystole ( = 3), bradycardia ( = 2) | No | Atropine ( = 2); surgery interruption ( = 2) |
| Prabhakar et al. [23] | 40 y ♀ | Retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy | Asystole | No | Surgery interruption |
| Raman Sharma et al. [26] | 60 y ♀ | Retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy | Bradycardia (recurrent), asystole (40 s, three episodes) | No | Surgery interruption |
| Isabel et al. [29] | 48 y ♀ | Right retromastoid craniectomy, (glossopharyngeal neuralgia) | Asystole, multiple episodes (up to 45 s) | No | Lidocaine, atropine; surgery interruption; transvenous pacing |
|
Beltran and Mashour [54] | 2 patients [21 ♀, 69 ♀] | Craniotomy (neurofibroma)
Lumbar corpectomy (metastasis) | Severe hypotension, PEA
Severe hypotension, PEA | Yes
Yes | Vasopressors, CPR, died
Vasopressors, CPR, died |
| Sitting | | | | | |
| Stauber et al. [18] | 67 y ♀ | Epidural steroid in cervical spine | PEA | Yes | Epinephrine, CPR |
| Villeret et al. [55] | 34 y ♀ | Pituitary adenoma resection | Asystole | No | Sternal punch, IV epinephrine |
| Hoell et al. [38] | 60 y ♀ | Cervical discectomy | Asystole (20 s) | No | Interruption surgery |
| Nagashima et al. [30] | 74 y ♀ | Suboccipital craniotomy (vagal rootlet section) | Asystole | No | Atropine |
| Prone | | | | | |
| Dooney [35] | 43 y ♂ | Lumbar discectomy | Asystole | Yes | Atropine, adrenaline, CPR started in prone |
| Sharma et al. [36] | 32 y ♂ | Alcohol injection vertebral hemangioma | Asystole | No | Atropine |
| Miyahara et al. [50] | 87 y ♂ | Cervical laminectomy | VF (5 min) | Unknown | CPR, defibrillation, treatment of hyperkalemia |
| Chen et al. [37] | 75 y ♀ | Lumbar vertebroplasty | Severe bradycardia | Yes | CPR, died |
| Sellery [25] | ♀, age not specified | Chiari malformation | Asystole (20 s) | No | Atropine, ephedrine |
|
Brown et al. [39] | 60 ♀ | Thoracic spine decompression | Pulseless VT | No | Defibrillation |
| Faberowski and Gravenstein [34] | 54 y ♀ | Craniotomy
(parietotemporal AVM) | VT/VF | Yes | Withdrawal CVC, lidocaine, precordial thump, CPR (supine), defibrillation, epinephrine; surgery postponed |
| Loewenthal et al. [28] | 53 ♀ | Cerebellar meningioma | Bradycardia, asystole (3 min) | No | CPR (prone) |
| Albin et al. [43] | 2 patients [both 40 y ♂] | Lumbar laminectomy | Asystole in first and PEA in second patient | Yes | CPR, both died |
| McCarthy et al. [45] | 18 y ♀ | Posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation | Cardiac arrest | Yes | CPR (supine), open cardiac massage, vasopressors |
| Dumont et al. [46] | 38 y ♂ | Atlantoaxial arthrodesis | Asystole (minutes) | Yes | Surgical field irrigation, rapid skin closure, CPR (supine) |
|
Miranda and Newton [56] | 39 ♀ | Debulking of tumor and internal fixation of third thoracic vertebra | VF | No | Defibrillation |
|
