The Formation of Biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Review of the Natural and Synthetic Compounds Interfering with Control Mechanisms

Figure 3

Structure of natural and synthetic AHL-based compounds which inhibit biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. (a) Native N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone, signal molecules of P. aeruginosa (C4-HSL and 3-oxo-C12-HSL), (b) synthetic analogue of AHLs with side aromatics and synthetic analogues of AHLs with modified lactone rings, and (c) natural (manoalide, penicillic acid, and patulin), and synthetic (furanones) compounds with lactone ring analogues.

(a) Native AHLs

(b) AHLs analogues

(c) Compounds with lactone ring analogues