The Formation of Biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Review of the Natural and Synthetic Compounds Interfering with Control Mechanisms

Table 2

Synthetic inhibitory compounds in P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.

Synthetic compounds; (Natural compound origin)	Activities				References
	QS inhibition	Biofilm inhibition^(a)	Dispersion promotion	Synergistic antibiotic and/or immune defense effect
TAGE and CAGE (Bromoageliferin)	NC	+ (24 h)	+	NC	[132]
Dihydrosventrin (Sventrin)	NC	+ (24 h)	+	NC	[133]
N-(4-bromo-phenylacetanoyl)-l-HSL; N-(indole-3-butanoyl)-L-HSL (AHLs)	+ AHLs antagonist (las system)	+ (24 h)	NC	NC	[97]
3-oxo-C12-cyclohexanone (AHLs)	+ AHLs antagonist (las system)	+ (24 h)	NC	NC	[98]
C10-cyclopentylamide (AHLs)	+ (lasI and rhlA)	+ (24 h)	NC	NC	[99]
Furanone C-30 and C-56 (Furanone)	+ (las, rhl systems)	+ (24 h)			[55, 100, 101]
S-phenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (Cysteine sulfoxide alliin)	+ (las, rhl systems)	+ (24 h)	NC	NC	[148]
Diphenyl disulfide (Disulfide derivatives of the alliinase mediated reactions)	+ las system	+ (24 h)	NC	NC
Azythromycin (Erythromycin)	+ (gacA, las and rhl systems)	+ (72 h)	+	+^(1)	[103, 108, 109]

+: yes; −: no; NC: not communicated.
At subinhibitory concentration.
^(a)Experiment duration.
⁽¹⁾Aminoglycosides.